8,015 research outputs found
Semi-classical analysis of a random walk on a manifold
We prove a sharp rate of convergence to stationarity for a natural random
walk on a compact Riemannian manifold . The proof includes a detailed
study of the spectral theory of the associated operator.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOP483 the Annals of
Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Gibbs/Metropolis algorithms on a convex polytope
This paper gives sharp rates of convergence for natural versions of the
Metropolis algorithm for sampling from the uniform distribution on a convex
polytope. The singular proposal distribution, based on a walk moving locally in
one of a fixed, finite set of directions, needs some new tools. We get useful
bounds on the spectrum and eigenfunctions using Nash and Weyl-type
inequalities. The top eigenvalues of the Markov chain are closely related to
the Neuman eigenvalues of the polytope for a novel Laplacian.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur
Organizational and Individual Determinants of Atypical Employment: The Case of Multiple Jobholding and Self-Employment
Traditionally, the company has been attributed relative control over employees' career paths, particularly in the case of very active organizational management. However, the growing need for organizational flexibility has led to the increasing recourse to atypical work, which in turn contributes to consolidating new careers in which the themes of control and autonomy acquire new meaning. Of these forms of atypical work, multiple jobholding and self-employment have particularly intrigued researchers. Using data compiled by Statistics Canada, we have sought to identify, through logistic regression analyses, the factors that influence the probability of belonging to these two categories of atypical employment. Our results suggest that the influence factors are not identical for the non-standard two job categories studied. Sector of activity, sex and the absence of promotion have a considerable impact on the probability of joining the ranks of the self-employed, whereas professional category and frequency of movement significantly influence the probability of belonging to the multiple jobholder group. Our results also show that the makeup of the populations engaging in these two forms of atypical work is not homogeneous, and that belonging to one of these groups does not necessarily entail precarious living and working conditions.
Le rôle traditionnel de la gestion de carrière attribuait à l'entreprise un certain contrôle sur le cheminement des individus, dans la mesure où la prise en charge organisationnelle était très active. Toutefois, le besoin incessant de flexibilité organisationnelle, qui mène à l'utilisation croissante du travail atypique, contribue à la consolidation des nouvelles carrières dans lesquelles les thèmes du contrôle et de l'autonomie sont questionnés. Parmi ces formes de travail atypique, le cumul d'emplois et le travail autonome/à son compte ont particulièrement retenu l'attention des chercheurs. En utilisant des données produites par Statistique Canada, nous avons cherché à identifier, par l'entremise des analyses de régression logistique, les facteurs qui influencent la probabilité de faire partie de ces deux catégories d'emploi atypique. Nos résultats suggèrent que les facteurs d'influence ne sont pas les mêmes pour les deux catégories d'emploi non standard considérées. Le secteur d'activité, le sexe et les promotions jouent davantage sur la probabilité de joindre les effectifs des autonomes/à son compte alors que la catégorie professionnelle, la fréquence du mouvement et l'absence de promotion influencent davantage la probabilité d'appartenir au groupe des cumulards. Finalement, nos résultats montrent que les effectifs de ces deux types de travail atypique ne sont pas homogènes et que l'appartenance à l'un ou l'autre de ces groupes n'implique pas exclusivement la précarité des conditions de vie et de travail.Multiple jobholding, self-employment, new career, Travail atypique, cumul d'emplois, travail autonome/à son compte, flexibilité organisationnelle
Bubble formation at a flexible orifice with liquid cross-flow
In waste water treatment, biological processes for denitrification and nitrification are
performed using oxidation ditches. In these reactors, the mixing and the aeration functions are
dissociated: a bubble cloud is generated from flexible membrane spargers and is subjected to
a horizontal liquid flow. The objective of this paper is to study the effects of the liquid crossflow
on the bubble formation at a single flexible orifice in water. The several forces acting on
the forming bubble have been modelled in order to understand the dynamics of the bubble
growth and detachment. The bubble detachment is controlled by the drag force due to the
liquid motion and not by the buoyancy force. The experimental analysis of the bubble growth
has shown that, under liquid cross-flow conditions, the bubbles move downstream and are
flattened during their growth (position of the bubble centre of gravity, bubble inclination
angle). The bubbles spread over the orifice surface, and the advancing and the receding
bubble angles were measured. The detached bubbles have significantly smaller sizes and
higher frequencies when compared to bubble formation under quiescent liquid conditions
High numerical aperture holographic microscopy reconstruction with extended z range
An holographic microscopy reconstruction method compatible with high
numerical aperture microscope objective (MO) up to NA=1.4 is proposed. After
off axis and reference field curvature corrections, and after selection of the
+1 grating order holographic image, a phase mask that transforms the optical
elements of the holographic setup into an afocal device is applied in the
camera plane. The reconstruction is then made by the angular spectrum method.
The field is first propagated in the image half space from the camera to the
afocal image of the MO optimal plane (plane for which MO has been designed) by
using a quadratic kernel. The field is then propagated from the MO optimal
plane to the object with the exact kernel. Calibration of the reconstruction is
made by imaging a calibrated object like an USAF resolution target for
different positions along . Once the calibration is done, the reconstruction
can be made with an object located in any plane . The reconstruction method
has been validated experimentally with an USAF target imaged with a NA=1.4
microscope objective. Near-optimal resolution is obtained over an extended
range (m) of locations
Holographic microscopy reconstruction in both object and image half spaces with undistorted 3D grid
We propose an holographic microscopy reconstruction method, which propagates
the hologram, in the object half space, in the vicinity of the object. The
calibration yields reconstructions with an undistorted reconstruction grid i.e.
with orthogonal , and axis and constant pixels pitch. The method is
validated with an USAF target imaged by a 60 microscope objective,
whose holograms are recorded and reconstructed for different USAF locations
along the longitudinal axis: -75 to +75 m. Since the reconstruction
numerical phase mask, the reference phase curvature and MO form an afocal
device, the reconstruction can be interpreted as occurring equivalently in the
object or in image half space
Microtraps for neutral atoms using superconducting structures in the critical state
Recently demonstrated superconducting atom-chips provide a platform for
trapping atoms and coupling them to solid-state quantum systems. Controlling
these devices requires a full understanding of the supercurrent distribution in
the trapping structures. For type-II superconductors, this distribution is
hysteretic in the critical state due to the partial penetration of the magnetic
field in the thin superconducting film through pinned vortices. We report here
an experimental observation of this memory effect. Our results are in good
agreement with the redictions of the Bean model of the critical state without
adjustable parameters. The memory effect allows to write and store permanent
currents in micron-sized superconducting structures and paves the way towards
new types of engineered trapping potentials.Comment: accepted in Phys. Rev.
Foreground-Background Ambient Sound Scene Separation
Ambient sound scenes typically comprise multiple short events occurring on
top of a somewhat stationary background. We consider the task of separating
these events from the background, which we call foreground-background ambient
sound scene separation. We propose a deep learning-based separation framework
with a suitable feature normaliza-tion scheme and an optional auxiliary network
capturing the background statistics, and we investigate its ability to handle
the great variety of sound classes encountered in ambient sound scenes, which
have often not been seen in training. To do so, we create single-channel
foreground-background mixtures using isolated sounds from the DESED and
Audioset datasets, and we conduct extensive experiments with mixtures of seen
or unseen sound classes at various signal-to-noise ratios. Our experimental
findings demonstrate the generalization ability of the proposed approach
The flow structure behind vortex generators embedded in a decelerating turbulent boundary layer
The objective of the present work is to analyse the behaviour of a turbulent decelerating boundary layer under the effect of both passive and active jets vortex generators (VGs). The stereo PIV database of Godard and Stanislas [1, 2] obtained in an adverse pressure gradient boundary layer is used for this study. After presenting the effect on the mean velocity field and the turbulent kinetic energy, the line of analysis is extended with two points spatial correlations and vortex detection in instantaneous velocity fields. It is shown that the actuators concentrate the boundary layer turbulence in the region of upward motion of the flow, and segregate the near-wall streamwise vortices of the boundary layer based on their vorticity sign
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